A portrait of a Tatar woman. Tatars have lived in Crimea for centuries but in 1944 Stalin punished the entire tatar population for collaboration wth the German occupiers by deporting them to Uzbekist...

Tatar people wave Ukranian flags at a rally against the 16 March referendum which saw 95% of the voters decide to join with the Russian federation according to local officials. Tatars have lived in...

A typical collection of temporary Tatar settlements in a field near Simferopol. The sheds mark the place where Tatars have claimed land that has no official ownership. They build small huts to claim t...

Tatar men on a 'Night Patrols' near the Tatar town of Bakhchisaray. The patrols are to guard their communities against pro-Russian agitators who are said to try to stir up tensions in the region. Tata...

A Russian Orthodox church in the Tatar town of Bakhchisaray. Tatars have lived in Crimea for centuries but in 1944 Stalin punished the entire tatar population for collaboration wth the German occupier...

A tatar mosque near the Tatar town of Bakhchisaray. Tatars have lived in Crimea for centuries but in 1944 Stalin punished the entire tatar population for collaboration wth the German occupiers by depo...

Tatar men gather to form a 'Night Patrols' near the Tatar town of Bakhchisaray. The patrols are to guard their communities against pro-Russian agitators who are said to try to stir up tensions in the...

Prayers take place in a tatar mosque near the Tatar town of Bakhchisaray. Tatars have lived in Crimea for centuries but in 1944 Stalin punished the entire tatar population for collaboration wth the Ge...

A gas pipeline spans a road in the Crimean Tatar neighbourhood of Fontany in Simferopol. The Crimean Tatars are a muslim minority of approximately 250,000 people or 12 % of the population of Crimea....

A guard stand at the entrance of the Big Khan Mosque at the Khan's Palace or Hansaray in Bakhchisarai. The Crimean Tatars are a muslim minority of approximately 250,000 people or 12 % of the populati...

A woman walks up the stairs at the Khan's Palace (or Hansaray), build in 1532, which served as the seat of power of the Crimean Khans until the region was incorporated in the Russian empire. The Cri...

Wax figures of UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union recreate the famous photo taken during the Yalta Conference when the three...

Crimean Tatar muslims at Friday prayer at the Kebir Jami mosque in Simferopol. The Crimean Tatars are a muslim minority of approximately 250,000 people or 12 % of the population of Crimea. During the...

Crimean Tatar muslims at Friday prayer at the Kebir Jami mosque in Simferopol. The Crimean Tatars are a muslim minority of approximately 250,000 people or 12 % of the population of Crimea. During the...

Crimean Tatar muslims at Friday prayer at the Kebir Jami mosque in Simferopol. The Crimean Tatars are a muslim minority of approximately 250,000 people or 12 % of the population of Crimea. During the...

Crimean Tatar muslims at Friday prayer at the Kebir Jami mosque in Simferopol. The Crimean Tatars are a muslim minority of approximately 250,000 people or 12 % of the population of Crimea. During the...

The flag of the short lived Donetsk - Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, a unit within post Russian Revolution Ukraine that was soon after absorbed into Ukraine, are waved while a large crowd gathers around...

Thousands of protesters have taken over Donetsk's main thoroughfare at a pro-Russian rally. Some carry the flag of the short lived Donetsk - Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, a unit within post Russian Rev...

Two Ukranian sailors wearing the naval caps of the former Soviet fleet participate in a pro-Russian rally at Donetsk's Lenin Square. Pro-russian protests in the eastern part of the country have called...

At a rally in front of Donetsk Oblast Administrative building, pro-russian activists are confronted with a massive police force that's there to deter further riots. A woman walks past the column of po...

At a rally in front of Donetsk Oblast (Region) administrative building, pro-russian activists protest against NATO and EU support of the present interim government. In repeated rallies that earlier in...

A man photographs the statue of Lenin in the central square of Simferopol a city with a majority Russian speaking population. Unlike many Ukranian towns and cities the obligitory Soviet Lenin statue h...

A statue of Lenin in the central square of Simferopol a city with a majority Russian speaking population. Unlike many Ukranian towns and cities the obligitory Soviet Lenin statue has remained in place...

A mural of a soldier at a Russian military barracks in Tiraspol. Russian troops have remained in the region since the break-up of the Soviet Union ostensibly as peace-keepers following the civil war....

People hold posters depicting LGBT targets of homophobic violence in Russia at an event commemorating their victimisation. Homosexuality was decriminalised in the first years of the Soviet Union, but...

Dmitry Chizhenvskiy, 27, gives a speach at an event commemorating LGBT victims of homophobic violence in Russia. He had his left eye permanently destroyed by in a homophobic attack on 3 November 2013...

18 year old Vika Skuetsova, wrapped in a rainbow flag and holding a candle, at an event commemorating LGBT victims of homophobic violence in Russia. Vika is bisexual and is a student studying economy...

A waitress walks in front of a recently updated mural in a canteen belonging to 'Intourist', the official state travel agency which was in charge of foreigners' travel within the Soviet Union.

The canteen at the 'Gold Fleece' boarding house in Pitsunda which is still managed by 'Intourist', the official state travel agency which was responsible for foreigners' travel within the Soviet Union...

Waclaw Gasiorowski who, aged nine, was deported to the Soviet Union by the Russians in 1939 . His father was one of the 8,000 Polish army officers murdered by the Russians in what is now known as the...

Jadwiga Slawinska, holds a picture showing her (centre front) as a seventeen year old member of the Polish Army that formed in Russia after their release from Siberian labour camps. Over 1.5 million P...

Parts of a statue of Lenin lies dismantled in a car-park behind Kiev's history museum. The statue used to dominate the main square in Kiev, the Square of the October Revolution on Khreshchatyk Street....

Two rooms of the village school in Barushkovtsi, near Zhytomyr in western Ukraine, were still dedicated to the achievements of Lenin and the Soviet Union during the run-up to Ukraine's declaration of...

People queue at the office of 'Memorial', an organisation set up in 1988 to investigate crimes carried out under teh Soviet System. In the run-up to Ukrainian independence, government archives became...

A woman holds a candle while praying during a church service in St Mikolai, a large Orthodox church in Kiev. The church was used as a storage facility during Soviet times since religion was officially...

A man stands next to St Mikolai, an Orthodox Church in Kiev, while other worshippers file in. The church was used as a storage facility during Soviet times since religion was officially banned. The ch...

People lobby passers-by on the streets of Kiev during the run-up to Ukraine's independence in 1991. The sign is encouraging people to vote in the forthcoming referendum of December 1991, when 92% of t...

A young man on a bicycle passes the old Hotel Lunik at the end of Lindenallee, the city's main street. Named after the Soviet moon exploration programme, the hotel is now boarded up and dilapidated. F...

A view of buildings on Lindenallee, the main street of Eisenhuettenstadt. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the name 'Stalinstadt' ('Stalin City') in 1953 in honour of the Soviet Leader Jospeh...

A young woman passes an abandoned socialist era apartment block on Alte Ladenstrasse. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the name 'Stalinstadt' ('Stalin City') in 1953 in honour of the Soviet Le...

A clock mounted on a column on a street outside a socialist era apartment complex. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the name 'Stalinstadt' ('Stalin City') in 1953 in honour of the Soviet Leade...

Eisenhuettenstadt citizens' office on Zentraler Platz (Central Square) with scaffolding during renovations. In front there is a statue of a mother and child from the socialist era. The town is full of...

Renate Reistel (left) and her husband Guenter walk around Apartment Complex I on Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse. Guenter used to live here as a young man. Today, all the apartments in the complex are empty....

A view of Apartment Complex I on Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse. Built by the city to offer apartments in low-rise buildings clustered around leafy courtyards interspersed with schools, day care centers and o...

A couple with a stroller walk down Lindenallee, the main street of Eisenhuettenstadt. The average age of residents in the city has been rising steadily over the past 20 years. Founded in 1950 around a...

A man rows a kayak down the river Oder that flows through Eisenhuettenstadt. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the name 'Stalinstadt' ('Stalin City') in 1953 in honour of the Soviet Leader Josp...

The front of Apartment Complex II in Pawlowallee. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the name 'Stalinstadt' ('Stalin City') in 1953 in honour of the Soviet Leader Jospeh Stalin, Eisenhuettenstad...

Christina Zeise (27) plays with her son Benjamin Puhle (3 1/2 years) on a playground in front of Wohnkomplex II in Saarlouiser Strasse. Her baby daught Lisa (8 days old) lies in a pram behind them. He...

Karin Panzer sits in her bakery, the 'Backhuette' on Lindenallee, the main street in Eisenhuettenstadt. A customer reads a newspaper in the background. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the nam...

A young woman smokes a cigarette in front of a shop on the Lindenallee, the main street of Eisenhuettenstadt. The average age of the residents in the city has been rising steadily since German re-unif...

Birds fly over an old abandoned apartment buildings on Faehrstrasse on the outskirt of Eisenhuettenstadt. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the name 'Stalinstadt' ('Stalin City') in 1953 in hon...

The front of the old abandoned apartment building on Faehrstrasse on the outskirt of Eisenhuettenstadt. Founded in 1950 around a steel and given the name 'Stalinstadt' ('Stalin City') in 1953 in honou...

A boy with two horses rides across a green space between two crumbling Soviet era tower blocks. He takes the horses into the town centre where he offers rides to visitors.

Alexander (16) and Arkadi (17) exercise on an exercise bar in front of a Soviet era apartment block in Murmansk.

A car drives past a Soviet era tower block on a misty evening with a propaganda poster showing a child visible through the mist.

People on a sandy beach beside the Dnipro River. In the background is the Moscow Bridge and on the horizon is the Mother of the Fatherland, a monument comemorating those honoured with the title 'Hero...

The Mother of the Fatherland, a monument comemorating those honoured with the title 'Hero of the Soviet Union' during WWII.

Valery Zhukov, a married miner and union representative, dances with his lover Lena while his friend Alexander sits at a table in the background. Vorkuta is a coal mining and former Gulag town establi...

People walk by an empty boarding house. Vortuka's population has fallen by a third since the break-up of the Soviet Union, when subsidies for Russia's far north were reduced. Vorkuta is a coal mining...

Rubbish strewn around the crumbling buildings of a former iron-processing plant in Kirovsk City. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, many heavy industries in the Arctic have closed as it no longer...

Label from a tin of canned fish that used to bring the Soviet ships to Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and crews were abandoned at diff...

Vasiliy, one of the sailors on the General Ostriakov, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing...

Kirill, one of the sailors on the General Ostriakov, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing s...

Dmitriy, one of the sailors on the General Ostriakov, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing...

A sailor and the cook of the General Ostriakov, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships...

Yegor, one of the sailors on the General Ostriakov, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing sh...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The General Ostriakov, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and crews were abandoned...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

A man is fishing near to the abandoned ship Shkval, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet, aground in Puerta de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing s...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

The machine and engine room on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and c...

Food on a plate in the kitchen on the Zaidan, one of the ships of the former Soviet fleet aground in Puerto de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships an...

A Muslim sailor prays on an abandoned ship, one of the ships of the former Soviet Union aground in Puerta de la Luz.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, its enormous fleet of fishing ships and...