Sheep graze on a hill overlooking Scapa Flow. Protected by the surrounding islands, Scapa Flow is a harbour that has an area of 324.5 square kilometres. Some believe that as climate change allows ship...

The remains of a ship used in the First World War to block the entrance to Scapa Flow to prevent German submarines attacking the British fleet stationed there in WW1 and WW2. In the background is an o...

People relax in the sun by Scapa Flow. In the background are the remains of a ship used in the First World War to block the entrance to Scapa Flow to prevent German submarines attacking the British fl...

The remains of a ship used in the First World War to block the entrance to Scapa Flow to prevent German submarines attacking the British fleet stationed there in WW1 and WW2. Protected by the surround...

An Airbus H-145 helicopter carrying a patient lands on a helipad at Kirkenes hospital where an ambulance crew meets it. The helicopter is operated by Norwegian Air Ambulance, and provides an important...

An Airbus H-145 helicopter landing on a helipad at Kirkenes hospital. The helicopter is operated by Norwegian Air Ambulance, and provides an important medical resource for the population in the northe...

A sign at the Arctic border crossing between Russia and Norway. This is the northernmost crossing point and marks the end of the Schengen area. An old rule forbids pedestrians from crossing the border...

An ambulance meets an Airbus H-145 helicopter after it landed with a patient on a helipad at Kirkenes hospital. The helicopter is operated by Norwegian Air Ambulance, and provides an important medical...

Tracks of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line are illuminated by the locomotive's lights as it travels over the frozen tundra. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of...

A train travelling along Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line, that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world, passes a gas field illuminated in the night.

Passengers in their compartments on a train travelling along Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

The engineer looks out of the window of the driver's cab while travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

Indigenous Nenets reindeer herders, who have travelled from their camp by snowmobile, at a station on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway where they have come to collect family members who have arrived by...

Indigenous Nenets reindeer herders, who have travelled from their camp by snowmobile, at a station on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway where they have come to collect family members who have arrived by...

Indigenous Nenets reindeer herders, who have travelled from their camp by snowmobile, at a station on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway where they have come to collect family members who have arrived by...

A cctv display in the driver's cab of the tracks ahead of a locomotive as it travels to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field along the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line.

A window in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway as it travels to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

A window in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway as it travels to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

The engineer's assistant wipes a window in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

The engineer in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

The engineer in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

A thermal stabiliser, a temperature regulator that helps to ensure the stability of the permafrost and the railway that crosses it, sits in a vast expanse of snow seen through the window of a compartm...

A vast expanse of snow seen through the window of a compartment on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. As well as taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, the trains take railway staff to var...

Men travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway which, as well as taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, takes railway staff to various stations and junctions along its route where the...

Men travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway which, as well as taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, takes railway staff to various stations and junctions along its route where the...

A man travels on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway which, as well as taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, takes railway staff to various stations and junctions along its route where they...

Andrey Seratetto, an indigenous Nenets man, travels back to his camp via the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line which, as well as taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, gives free travel t...

Andrey Seratetto, an indigenous Nenets man, travels back to his camp via the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line which, as well as taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, gives free travel t...

People travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line eat in the dining car which is taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

People travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line eat in the dining car which is taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

People travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line eat in the dining car which is taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

Ernest, a company prospector, travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line which is taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

Ernest, a company prospector, looks out of the window of a train travelling on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

One of the 70 bridges that are on the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle...

Tracks of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line run over the frozen tundra. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The ra...

Tracks of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line run over the frozen tundra. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The ra...

Trucks driving along the winter road (zimnik) that follows the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway line. 

A truck parked near some outbuildings near one of 12 junctions on the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. 

Railway staff carry their baggage from a train to one of the five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway where they will live and work for the next month.

A railway worker stands beside a train after it has arrived at one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway.

Railway staff offload their baggage from a train after it has arrived at one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. The staff will live on site at the station where they...

A staff gym inside one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. Railway workers live in teams on site and work shifts of about one month's duration.

A staff gym inside one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. Railway workers live in teams on site and work shifts of about one month's duration.

The living space inside one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. Railway workers live in teams on site and work shifts of about one month's duration.

A duty officer, wearing cold weather clothing, at work in one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. Railway workers live in teams on site and work shifts of about one mo...

A duty officer at work in one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. Railway workers live in teams on site and work shifts of about one month's duration.

Indigenous Nenets reindeer herders, who have travelled from their camp in a snow tractor, collecting friends at a station on the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. The

A member of the railway staff at one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. Railway workers live in teams on site and work shifts of about one month's duration.

A communications tower at one of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway.

One of five stations along the route of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway.

A railway worker walking through an Arctic wind to join a train running on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway while it has stopped at a junction.

An Arctic wind blows snow across the tracks of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway, the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The rai...

An Arctic wind blows snow across the tracks of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway, the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The rai...

An Arctic wind blows snow across the tracks of the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway, the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The rai...

Irina Kukushkina, a conductor on a train running on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway, where she has been employed for several years.  

A kettle in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway as it travels to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

A window in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway as it travels to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

In the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway, engineer Alexander Mironovich (L) checks a note from the duty officer that informs him the train is ready to depart to the Gaspr...

Engineer Alexander Mironovich in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

Engineer Alexander Mironovich in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

Engineer Alexander Mironovich operates a radio in the driver's cab of a locomotive on the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway that links the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field to the outside world.

A member of the train staff walks alongside an Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway train that is about to depart taking workers to the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field.

Staff, who are due to start a one to two month shift at the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, prepare to board the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway train that will take them to their place of work.

Staff, who are due to start a one to two month shift at the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, prepare to board the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway train that will take them to their place of work.

Staff, who are due to start a one to two month shift at the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field, load their baggage onto the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway train that will take them to their place of work.

A worker smoking in front of a hostel near Obskaya railway station before his departure for a one month shift working on the Gasprom Bovanenkovo gas field. 

A train travels along the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The railway provides year-...

A train travels along the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The railway provides year-...

A train travels along the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The railway provides year-...

A train travels along the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway. It is the northernmost railway in the world, built on the permafrost of the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle. The railway provides year-...

Melt water rushes from the tongue of a glacier flowing into Discovery Bay, Greenwich Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole...

A grave and a coffin belonging to early 20th century whalers, on Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands. In the background are the remains of the whaling station built by Norweigans in the ear...

A gentoo penguin on Barrientos Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost ye...

Gentoo penguins on Barrientos Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost yea...

A glacier flows into Discovery Bay from Greenwich Island. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost year-long yova...

Melt water rushes from the tongue of a glacier flowing into Discovery Bay, Greenwich Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole...

A glacier flows into the icy waters in Discovery Bay, Greenwich Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arcti...

A southern elephant seal and gentoo penguins at Hannah Point, on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole...

A group of elephant seals wallow on the beach at Hannah Point on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole...

The remains of a wooden boat lie along the shore of Whalers Bay, Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage fro...

Gentoo penguins on Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The island is actually the caldera of an active volcano. It last erupted in 1969 forcing the British to abandon their research stati...

Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands. The island is actually the caldera of an active volcano. It last erupted in 1969 forcing the British to abandon their research station on the island....

Whalers Bay, Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The remains of a whaling station built by Norweigans in the early 20th century. The station was abandoned in 1931 after a collapse in the...

The sun sets over the South Shetland Islands near Greenwich Island. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost year...

Chinstrap penguins on Barrientos Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost...

An elephant seal and a gentoo penguins on Barrientos Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the An...

Gentoo penguins on Barrientos Island, in the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost yea...

The South Shetland Islands near Greenwich Island. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost year-long voyage is on...

The South Shetland Islands near Greenwich Island. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The almost year-long voyage is on...

A large iceberg floating in the Southern Ocean between the South Orkney Islands and the South Shetland Islands. The Greenpeace ship MY Esperanza is on the final leg of the pole to pole voyage from th...