Shinwagyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf used for curing spiritual attack including mental health issues at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Kutugbalayi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) or Kiriya (as it is called in the Hausa laguage) is a root used for stomach pain, fever and treating people attacked by witchcraft. The root is dis...

A patient at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Doctor Shekwonya says that her herbal medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involved in secret society people, spiritual probl...

Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya distributes herbal remedies to patients at her clinic the Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. She says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involve...

Patients and family members prepare herbal remedies at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Doctor Shekwonya says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involved in sec...

Patients and family members prepare herbal remedies at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Doctor Shekwonya says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involved in sec...

A patient lies on a concrete casing outside at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one child...

A patient stands at a fence in the grounds at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one childr...

A patient at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one children's ward.

Patients watching television at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one children's ward.

A patients in a decrepit ward at the Accra Psychiatric Hospital. The facility has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, seven female, 11 male and o...

Cecilia Ashaley Fofo (25), the mother of two year old Mahalalel, lives with bipolar affected disorder. Cecilia, after dedicating six years of her life to her primary level teaching job, was dismissed...

Cecilia Ashaley Fofo (25), the mother of two year old Mahalalel, lives with bipolar affected disorder. Cecilia, after dedicating six years of her life to her primary level teaching job, was dismissed...

Nana Abena Korkor Addo (29) with her mother, Judith Owusu Ababio (60), is a retired teacher. Nana is a Project Coordinator for the Mental Health Society of Ghana and founder of Psychosocial Africa, a...

Bernard Akumiah (67) works on the front desk as a salesman for Source of Light, an NGO doing divinity work. Bernard has lived with anxiety and depression. He syas he went to a prayer camp for healing...

Bernard Akumiah (67) works on the front desk as a salesman for Source of Light, an NGO doing divinity work. Bernard has lived with anxiety and depression. He syas he went to a prayer camp for healing...

Felix Addo (47), from Kukurantumi, has been at Jesus Divine Temple for two years. When he first arrived there he was chained to a tree and he stayed shackled for 11 months. He was then taken to Ankafo...

A patient looks out through the bars of her cell in the psychiatric section of Edumfa Heavenly Ministry Spiritual Revival and Healing Centre is split into wards for men and wards for women. The chains...

The psychiatric section of Edumfa Heavenly Ministry Spiritual Revival and Healing Centre is split into wards for men and wards for women. The chains have been removed in response to criticism from hum...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Patients wait for appointments at the Kumbotso Epilepsy Centre.

Human Rights Watch conduct an interview with Sheikh Mohamed Nassir Adam.

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Human Rights Watch conduct an interview with Sheikh Mohamed Nassir Adam.

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Human Rights Watch conduct an interview with Sheikh Mohamed Nassir Adam.

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Mamman Isa, who runs Sheikh Mal, at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur̢۪anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre is interviewed for Human Rights Watch. At the facilty men and boys, some as young as 10 years old,...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Mamman Isa, who runs Sheikh Mal, at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur̢۪anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre is interviewed for Human Rights Watch. At the facilty men and boys, some as young as 10 years old,...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Men whose ankles are shackled to iron bars at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual dru...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Sheikh Mal. Mamman Mai Mari Qur̢۪anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre Durayi Kano City where men and boys, as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual drug addiction, for commit...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Bowls of food ready to be given to 'patients' at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual...

Bowls of food ready to be given to 'patients' at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual...

Men whose ankles are shackled to iron bars at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual dru...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Alhassan Sana (68) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. S...

Zinaba Shei (60) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. Som...

Men whose ankles are shackled to iron bars at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual dru...

Men whose ankles are shackled to iron bars at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual dru...

Zinaba Shei (60) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. Som...

Men whose ankles are shackled to iron bars at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual dru...

Wumbi Yindana (71) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. S...

A man whose ankles are shackled with an iron bar at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actu...

Ayishetu Fuseini (60) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches...

Mariama Yakubu (63) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches....

A man whose ankles are shackled with an iron bar at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actu...

A man whose ankles are shackled with an iron bar at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actu...

Mariama Yakubu (63) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches....

A man whose ankles are shackled with iron bars copies out Islamic texts at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackle...

Zina Wumbi (61) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. Some...

Boys locked together to iron bars in the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual drug addicti...

Safia Wumbi (69) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. Som...

Abiba Mahama (65) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. So...

Patients, one tied to a pole with a fabric band, at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hos...

A patient lies on a foam mattress at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano S...

Adamu Mahama (63) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. So...

Patients at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano State, which has a populat...

Adamu Mahama (63) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. So...

Patients at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano State, which has a populat...

Mariama Wumbi has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. Some d...

Patients at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano State, which has a populat...

A patient lies on a foam mattress at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano S...

Azara Wumbi (61) has been accused of being a witch. 80 women accused of witchcraft stay at Kukuo Village. Many of them have mental health conditions, the reason they were accused of being witches. Som...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

John Yimbilbe is thought to have schizophrenia and depression. He is cared for by his wife Elizabeth Kwamwe at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where he has...

Ramadan (25) has been held for two months in a holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up f...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

John Yimbilbe is thought to have schizophrenia and depression. He is cared for by his wife Elizabeth Kwamwe at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where he has...

36 year old Ma'aji has been held for four months in a holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and lock...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

Sara (family name not disclosed) has three children. Her youngest is two years old. She says that she became ill after the birth of each of her children. She was taken to Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pen...

Adegbayi Titilayo Victoria (30), who is from Lagos, is interviewed for Human Rights Watch at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People. Victoria lives with a mental health issue. She...

Sara (family name not disclosed) has three children. Her youngest is two years old. She says that she became ill after the birth of each of her children. She was taken to Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pen...

A camera set up to film an interview for Human Rights Watch with Adegbayi Titilayo Victoria (32), who is from Lagos, at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People. Victoria lives with...

Sara (family name not disclosed) has three children. Her youngest is two years old. She says that she became ill after the birth of each of her children. She was taken to Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pen...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

Patients whose ankles are shackled sit in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable dru...