Palm wine tapper Samson Turay climbs up a palm tree near Bureh. The job of climbing palm trees to collect the precious sap traditionally falls to members of the Limba ethnic group.

The 'laws of the land' are written on a board in the Friends of Alabama Poyo Bar in eastern Freetown. 'Poyo' bars, selling palm wine, are often little more than shacks of tarpaulin and sticks, but the...

Naiive artwork of palm wine scenes adorn the tattered tarpaulin walls of a 'poyo' bar in eastern Freetown.

Mama-G, the owner of an informal palm wine bar pours out measures of the alcoholic drink made from the sap of palm trees into empty mayonnaise jars for her customers.

Mama-G, the owner of an informal palm wine bar pours out measures of the alcoholic drink made from the sap of palm trees into empty mayonnaise jars for her customers.

Women selling snacks outside the Friends of Alabama Poyo Bar in eastern Freetown. 'Poyo' bars, selling palm wine, are often little more than shacks of tarpaulin and sticks, but they play an important...

Bottles of naturally fermenting palm wine emit bubbles as they mature in a speakeasy.

Jerrycans full of palm wine, known locally as 'poyo', stored on the floor of a speakeasy.

Palm wine tapper Samson Turay climbs up a palm tree near Bureh. The job of climbing palm trees to collect the precious sap traditionally falls to members of the Limba ethnic group.

Sunrise over a misty grove of palm trees in the interior of Sierra Leone. The trees produce a mildly alcoholic sap known as palm wine, or 'poyo', a popular drink throughout West Africa. In Sierra Leon...

Sunrise over a misty grove of palm trees in the interior of Sierra Leone. The trees produce a mildly alcoholic sap known as palm wine, or 'poyo', a popular drink throughout West Africa. In Sierra Leon...

Drinkers enjoy cups of palm wine, or 'poyo', at a speakeasy in central Freetown.

Drinkers enjoy cups of palm wine, or 'poyo', at a speakeasy in central Freetown.

Palm wine tapper Tamba Conteh travels to the patch of land where he is employed by the landlord to collect palm wine. The landlord takes a cut, and Conteh sells the rest.

Drinkers enjoy cups of palm wine, or 'poyo', at a speakeasy in central Freetown.

Palm wine tapper Tamba Conteh holds onto his traditional harness, or 'banga' rope, which he uses to shimmy up the trunks of palm trees to collect palm wine.

Tamba Conteh, a veteran palm wine tapper, climbs a palm tree outside Freetown. Conteh hails from the Limba ethnic group, who have dominated the palm wine industry for hundreds of years. The sap from t...

Tamba Conteh, a veteran palm wine tapper, climbs a palm tree outside Freetown. Conteh hails from the Limba ethnic group, who have dominated the palm wine industry for hundreds of years. The sap from t...

Palm wine tapper Tamba Conteh pours himself a cup of palm wine during a day's work outside Freetown. The drink, known locally as 'poyo', ferments naturally, becoming stronger in taste and alcohol cont...

Plastic cups used for drinking palm wine in a 'poyo' bar in central Freetown.

Hauwa Ojeifo counsels a client. Hauwa is a Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate.

Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate Hauwa Ojeifo.

Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate Hauwa Ojeifo.

Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate Hauwa Ojeifo.

Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate Hauwa Ojeifo.

A man whose ankles are shackled with an iron bar at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actu...

A man whose ankles are shackled with iron bars copies out Islamic texts at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackle...

A patient whose has had their ankles shackled, causing an open sore to develop, at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients...

A patient at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable drugs that they receive from a pharmacy. They adminis...

Hauwa Ojeifo counsels a client. Hauwa is a Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate.

Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate Hauwa Ojeifo.

Mental Health Coach, founder of Nigerian mental health organisation She Writes Woman and mental health advocate Hauwa Ojeifo.

Boys locked together to iron bars in the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual drug addicti...

Patients, one tied to a pole with a fabric band, at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hos...

A patient lies on a foam mattress at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano S...

A patient whose has had his ankles shackled sits in a cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable drug...

A patient whose ankles are shackled with rope and crepe bandages lies on a mat in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi....

A patient whose ankles are shackled with rope and crepe bandages lies on a mat in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi....

A patient lies on a mat in a bare room at the Jesus Divine Temple. Staff there say they stopped using chains to restrain people with mental health conditions two years ago. Some patients are now allow...

A naked patient looks through a door made of wooden bars in a room at the Jesus Divine Temple. Staff there say they stopped using chains to restrain people with mental health conditions two years ago...

A patient looks through a door made of wooden bars in a room at the Jesus Divine Temple. Staff there say they stopped using chains to restrain people with mental health conditions two years ago and so...

Felix Addo (47), from Kukurantumi, has been at Jesus Divine Temple for two years. When he first arrived there he was chained to a tree and he stayed shackled for 11 months. He was then taken to Ankafo...

A patient looks through a door made of wooden bars in a room at the Jesus Divine Temple. Staff there say they stopped using chains to restrain people with mental health conditions two years ago and so...

A patient in a bare room at the Jesus Divine Temple. Staff there say they stopped using chains to restrain people with mental health conditions two years ago and some patients are now allowed to walk...

A patient in a barred cell in the psychiatric section at the Edumfa Heavenly Ministry Spiritual Revival and Healing Centre. The chains that once shackled its patients have been removed in response to...

A patient in a barred cell in the psychiatric section at the Edumfa Heavenly Ministry Spiritual Revival and Healing Centre. The chains that once shackled its patients have been removed in response to...

A patient in a barred cell in the psychiatric section at the Edumfa Heavenly Ministry Spiritual Revival and Healing Centre. The chains that once shackled its patients have been removed in response to...

A patient lies on a concrete casing outside at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one child...

Taofeek Buraimo, who says he doesn't know how old he is at Oke Oloro where he has been since January 2019. He is there being treated for a mental health issue. While being treated there he has had a c...

Oluwasegun Ariyo (29) sits with his ankles shackled at Oke Oloro where he has been for five months receiving prayer and herbal medicine in an attempt to heal his mental illness. While there he has bee...

The use of chains to restrain people with mental health issues is common at Oke Oloro. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal medicine and prayer to treat people livin...

Shinwagyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf used for curing spiritual attack including mental health issues at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Kutugbalayi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) or Kiriya (as it is called in the Hausa laguage) is a root used for stomach pain, fever and treating people attacked by witchcraft. The root is dis...

Shinwagyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf used for curing spiritual attack including mental health issues at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Kutugbalayi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) or Kiriya (as it is called in the Hausa laguage) is a root used for stomach pain, fever and treating people attacked by witchcraft. The root is dis...

Otoh (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for bone pain and arthritis by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Joshua Aliyu (25) with his mother Laraba Alhaji. Joshua says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle...

Tawinyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for 'night people' (those affected by witchcraft) by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Gwogwoyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for mental health issues and 'night people' (those affected by witchcraft) by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

A patient stands at a fence in the grounds at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one childr...

A patient at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one children's ward.

Patients watching television at Accra Psychiatric Hospital has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, 7 female, 11 male and one children's ward.

Patients at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano State, which has a populat...

Patients at a religious service at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable drugs that they receive from a...

Patients whose ankles are shackled sit in a small dark cell eating food from plastic containers at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. The...

A patient whose has had his ankles shackled sits in a small dark cell eating food from a plastic container at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola A...

A patient whose ankles have been shackled at Oke Oloro where the shackling of mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal...

A patient whose ankles have been shackled lies on the ground at Oke Oloro where the shackling of mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the...

A patient at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Doctor Shekwonya says that her herbal medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involved in secret society people, spiritual probl...

Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya distributes herbal remedies to patients at her clinic the Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. She says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involve...

Patients and family members prepare herbal remedies at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Doctor Shekwonya says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involved in sec...

Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya who has been a herbal doctor for 19 years and runs the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. She says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involve...

Maria Sabo (30) and her mother Laraba Sabo who has a mental health issue. Maria has taken care of her mother for the five months they've been at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Maria prepa...

Otoh (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for bone pain and arthritis by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Kpingyigyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for inflammation and infection by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Shashabi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a root. It is used to help women get pregnant by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Tawinyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for 'night people' (those affected by witchcraft) by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Gwogwoyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for mental health issues and 'night people' (those affected by witchcraft) by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Kpingyigyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for inflammation and infection by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Shashabi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a root. It is used to help women get pregnant by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Nakayi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a leaf. It is used for treating people with a mental health issues or headaches by the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

Chileyi (as it is called in the Gbagyi language) is a bark. It is used for curing spiritual attack including mental health issues at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre.

A patients in a decrepit ward at the Accra Psychiatric Hospital. The facility has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, seven female, 11 male and o...

Cecilia Ashaley Fofo (25), the mother of two year old Mahalalel, lives with bipolar affected disorder. Cecilia, after dedicating six years of her life to her primary level teaching job, was dismissed...

Medications in a store room at the Accra Psychiatric Hospital. The facility has four psychiatrists. In 2018 they saw 27,000 patients and admitted 819. They have 19 wards, seven female, 11 male and one...

Patients and family members prepare herbal remedies at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Doctor Shekwonya says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involved in sec...

Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya who has been a herbal doctor for 19 years and runs the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. She says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involve...

Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya who has been a herbal doctor for 19 years and runs the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. She says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involve...

Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya who has been a herbal doctor for 19 years and runs the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. She says that her medicines are for people with ''mental problems, those involve...

Joshua Aliyu (25) who says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle to recognise people around him unt...