A man whose ankles are shackled with an iron bar at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actu...

A man whose ankles are shackled with iron bars copies out Islamic texts at the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackle...

A patient whose has had their ankles shackled, causing an open sore to develop, at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients...

A patient at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable drugs that they receive from a pharmacy. They adminis...

Boys locked together to iron bars in the Mamman Mai Mari Qur'anic Islamic and Rehabilitation Centre where men and boys, some as young as 10 years old, are shackled for perceived or actual drug addicti...

Patients, one tied to a pole with a fabric band, at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hos...

A patient lies on a foam mattress at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano S...

A patient whose has had his ankles shackled sits in a cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable drug...

A patient whose ankles are shackled with rope and crepe bandages lies on a mat in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi....

A patient whose ankles are shackled with rope and crepe bandages lies on a mat in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi....

Taofeek Buraimo, who says he doesn't know how old he is at Oke Oloro where he has been since January 2019. He is there being treated for a mental health issue. While being treated there he has had a c...

Oluwasegun Ariyo (29) sits with his ankles shackled at Oke Oloro where he has been for five months receiving prayer and herbal medicine in an attempt to heal his mental illness. While there he has bee...

The use of chains to restrain people with mental health issues is common at Oke Oloro. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal medicine and prayer to treat people livin...

Joshua Aliyu (25) with his mother Laraba Alhaji. Joshua says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle...

Patients at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano State, which has a populat...

Patients at a religious service at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable drugs that they receive from a...

Patients whose ankles are shackled sit in a small dark cell eating food from plastic containers at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. The...

A patient whose has had his ankles shackled sits in a small dark cell eating food from a plastic container at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola A...

A patient whose ankles have been shackled at Oke Oloro where the shackling of mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal...

A patient whose ankles have been shackled lies on the ground at Oke Oloro where the shackling of mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the...

Maria Sabo (30) and her mother Laraba Sabo who has a mental health issue. Maria has taken care of her mother for the five months they've been at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Maria prepa...

Joshua Aliyu (25) who says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle to recognise people around him unt...

Joshua Aliyu (25) who says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle to recognise people around him unt...

Joshua Aliyu (25) who says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle to recognise people around him unt...

Patients at Oke Oloro where the shackling mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal medicine and prayer to treat people...

A patient lies on a bench at Oke Oloro where the shackling mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal medicine and praye...

Patients at Oke Oloro where the shackling mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal medicine and prayer to treat people...

A boy stands outside Oke Oloro where the shackling mental health patient's ankles is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal medicine and prayer to tre...

Chains shackling the ankles of patients being treated for mental health issues at Oke Oloro where the use of chains to restrain people is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who ru...

Joshua Aliyu (25) who says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle to recognise people around him unt...

Chains shackling the ankles of patients being treated for mental health issues at Oke Oloro where the use of chains to restrain people is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who ru...

Clients with mental health issues at at Oke Oloro. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who runs the clinic, uses herbal medicine and prayer to treat people living with mental health issues.

Chains shackling the ankles of a patient being treated for mental health issues at Oke Oloro where the use of chains to restrain people is common practice. Traditional healer Sheu Saliu Ibrahim, who r...

Laraba Sabo who has a mental health issue. Maria has taken care of her mother for the five months they've been at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Maria prepares herbs as instructed by the...

Laraba Sabo who has a mental health issue. Her daughter Maria has taken care of her for the five months they've been at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Maria prepares herbs as instructed b...

Laraba Sabo who has a mental health issue. Her daughter Maria has taken care of her for the five months they've been at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Maria prepares herbs as instructed b...

Maria Sabo (30) and her mother Laraba Sabo who has a mental health issue. Maria has taken care of her mother for the five months they've been at the Dr Amina Aliyu Shekwonya Herbal Centre. Maria prepa...

Taofeek Buraimo, who says he doesn't know how old he is at Oke Oloro where he has been since January 2019. He is there being treated for a mental health issue. While being treated there he has had a c...

Joshua Aliyu (25) with his mother Laraba Alhaji. Joshua says his illness started six years ago with difficulty moving his hand. Stiffness and pain spread through his body. He also started to struggle...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Ramadan (25) has been held for two months in a holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up f...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

36 year old Ma'aji has been held for four months in a holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and lock...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

A holding cell for men and boys, some as young as 12, at Sabuwar Gandu, an Islamic rehabilitation centre in Kano. Men and boys are shackled and locked up for their perceived or actual drug addictions...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Patients at the Edwuma Wo Woho Herbal Centre, which houses about 30 people many with mental health conditions. At least half are shackled with chains. The centre is run by herbal doctor Irene Dadzie (...

Patients whose ankles are shackled sit in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable dru...

A patient whose has had his ankles shackled sits in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with inje...

Patients whose ankles are shackled sit in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectable dru...

A patient whose has had his ankles shackled in a small dark cell at the Emmanuel Rehabilitation Centre for Mentally Ill People which is run by Miss Mojisola Adeniyi. They treat patients with injectabl...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

John Yimbilbe is thought to have schizophrenia and depression. He is cared for by his wife Elizabeth Kwamwe at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where he has...

John Yimbilbe is thought to have schizophrenia and depression. He is cared for by his wife Elizabeth Kwamwe at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where he has...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

Sara (family name not disclosed) has three children. Her youngest is two years old. She says that she became ill after the birth of each of her children. She was taken to Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pen...

Sara (family name not disclosed) has three children. Her youngest is two years old. She says that she became ill after the birth of each of her children. She was taken to Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pen...

Sara (family name not disclosed) has three children. Her youngest is two years old. She says that she became ill after the birth of each of her children. She was taken to Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pen...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

Umama Belakoba has schizophrenia and does not know her age. She is cared for by her mother at Nyinbunya Prayer Camp and Pentecostal Church in the Northern Region of Ghana where she has been chained fo...

Other than to shout to his mother for food, Baba Agunua doesn't speak. His mother doesn't know his age, she says he's between 20 and 30. He lives with a serious mental health condition and has been ch...

Other than to shout to his mother for food, Baba Agunua doesn't speak. His mother doesn't know his age, she says he's between 20 and 30. He lives with a serious mental health condition and has been ch...

Other than to shout to his mother for food, Baba Agunua doesn't speak. His mother doesn't know his age, she says he's between 20 and 30. He lives with a serious mental health condition and has been ch...

Patients at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano State, which has a populat...

Patients at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano State, which has a populat...

A patient lies on a foam mattress at the Dawanau Psychiatric Hospital, one of the few state-run mental health facilities where admission is free. It is the only Psychiatric Hospital hospital in Kano S...

A EUCAP instructor, teaching on an European Union funded training course, shows police officers types of restraint holds they might have to use in the arrest of smugglers. The European Union, through...

Francis Pii Kugbila teaching a first grade class at Dagliga Primary school near Bolgatanga. When Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who forced his le...

Dagliga Primary school near Bolgatanga, where Francis Pii Kugbila teaches a grade one class. When Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who forced his l...

Francis Pii Kugbila teaching a first grade class at Dagliga Primary school near Bolgatanga. When Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who forced his le...

When Francis Pii Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who forced his leg through a hole in a heavy length of tree trunk and pinned it in place, fashion...

Francis Pii Kugbila with first grade students he teaches at Dagliga Primary school near Bolgatanga. When Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who force...

When Francis Pii Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who forced his leg through a hole in a heavy length of tree trunk and pinned it in place, fashion...

Francis Pii Kugbila teaching a first grade class at Dagliga Primary school near Bolgatanga. When Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who forced his le...

When Francis Pii Kugbila became mentally unwell in 2009, his brothers took him to a traditional healer who forced his leg through a hole in a heavy length of tree trunk and pinned it in place, fashion...

Jess (in the middle with black t-shirt)) at The Tomato Cafe, Havana, Florida. She is 23 and originally from San Diego, from a Christian family but is now a "pagan". 'I have a few opinions but I might...

23 year old Jess working at a cafe in Havana, Florida. Talking about the US Presidential election that will be held on 6 November, 2012, she says: "We're not supposed to talk about religion or politic...

A woman approaches 33 year old Khadar Mohamed Farah who lives in a tin shack in a camp for Internally Displaced People in Hargeisa. He has been in chains for 11 years. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week he...

Young British Muslim women taking part in an anti-war demonstration on the third anniversary of the beginning of the conflict in Iraq, calling for restraint towards Iran.